Spring 5 MVC 整合 Hibernate 5

教程分享 > Java教程 > Spring (5241) 2024-08-07 11:05:25

引言

    在这个Spring5教程中,学习创建Spring 5 MVC Web应用程序,处理表单提交,集成hibernate连接到后端数据库,以及添加用于输入表单字段验证的hibernate验证器。

    我们将创建一个简单的屏幕,我们可以添加用户字段(名称和电子邮件)。 这些细节将首先验证,然后使用休眠存储在HSQL数据库中。 该页面也将列出所有存储的用户。

一.Spring MVC 5整合hibernate5开发环境准备

  • Eclipse Neon.2 +
  • JDK 1.8 +
  • Spring 5.0.0.RELEASE
  • Hibernate 5.2.11.Final
  • Hibernate validator 5.4.1.Final
  • Servlets 3.1.0
  • HSQLDB 1.8.0.10
  • Tomcat 7 maven plugin 2.2

二.Spring MVC 5整合hibernate5项目结构图

该项目具有典型的Maven Web应用程序结构。
Spring5

三.Spring MVC 5整合hibernate5类图关系

操作示例图-3bb67013c0b84472824f0936c8f82b6e.png

四.Spring MVC 5整合hibernate5 maven依赖

查找用于在pom.xml文件中运行此示例的项目依赖项。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.spring5.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring5-mvc-hibernate-example</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
        <spring.version>5.0.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.2.11.Final</hibernate.version>
        <hibernate.validator>5.4.1.Final</hibernate.validator>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.5.2</c3p0.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2.1</jstl.version>
        <tld.version>1.1.2</tld.version>
        <servlets.version>3.1.0</servlets.version>
        <jsp.version>2.3.1</jsp.version>
        <hsqldb.version>1.8.0.10</hsqldb.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring MVC Dependency -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Spring ORM -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Hibernate Core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Hibernate-C3P0 Integration -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- c3p0 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Hibernate Validator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.validator}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- JSTL Dependency -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>
         
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>${tld.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Servlet Dependency -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${servlets.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- JSP Dependency -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>${jsp.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- HSQL Dependency -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>hsqldb</groupId>
            <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
            <version>${hsqldb.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

五.配置Spring MVC 5 servlet分发器DispatcherServlet

    随着Servlet 3.0规范的发布,可以用几乎没有xml来配置你的Servlet容器。 为此,Servlet规范中有ServletContainerInitializer。 在这个类中,你可以注册过滤器,监听器,servlet等,就像你在web.xml中一样。

    Spring提供了知道如何处理WebApplicationInitializer类的SpringServletContainerInitializer。 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer类实现了内部实现WebApplicationInitializer的WebMvcConfigurer。 它注册一个ContextLoaderlistener(可选)和DispatcherServlet,并允许您轻松添加配置类来加载这两个类,并将过滤器应用于DispatcherServlet并提供servlet映射。
 
public class AppInitializer extends
        AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
 
   @Override
   protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
      return new Class[] { HibernateConfig.class };
   }
 
   @Override
   protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
      return new Class[] { WebMvcConfig.class };
   }
 
   @Override
   protected String[] getServletMappings() {
      return new String[] { "/" };
   }
}

六.Spring Web MVC 5 配置

Spring Web MVC配置如下。
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
 
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.howtodoinjava.demo.spring"})
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
 
   @Bean
   public InternalResourceViewResolver resolver() {
      InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
      resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
      resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
      resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
      return resolver;
   }
 
   @Bean
   public MessageSource messageSource() {
      ResourceBundleMessageSource source = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
      source.setBasename("messages");
      return source;
   }
 
   @Override
   public Validator getValidator() {
      LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
      validator.setValidationMessageSource(messageSource());
      return validator;
   }
}
  1. WebMvcConfigurer 定义了通过使用@EnableWebMvc自定义或添加到默认的@EnableWebMvc配置的选项。
  2. @EnableWebMvc 启用默认的Spring MVC配置,并注册DispatcherServlet所期望的Spring MVC基础架构组件。
  3. @Configuration 指示一个类声明了一个或多个@Bean方法,并且可以被Spring容器处理,以在运行时为这些bean生成bean定义和服务请求。
  4. @ComponentScan 注释用于指定要扫描的基本包。任何用@Component和@Configuration注解的类都将被扫描。
  5. InternalResourceViewResolver 有助于映射逻辑视图名称,以便在特定的预配置目录下直接查看文件。
  6. ResourceBundleMessageSource 使用指定的基本名称访问资源包(这里是消息)。
  7. LocalValidatorFactoryBean 引导一个javax.validation.ValidationFactory ,并通过Spring Validator接口以及JSR-303 Validator接口和ValidatorFactory 接口本身公开它。

七.Hibernate 配置

在例子中使用Hibernate配置。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScans;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
 
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.spring.model.User;
 
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class HibernateConfig {
 
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext context;
 
    @Bean
    public LocalSessionFactoryBean getSessionFactory() {
        LocalSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setConfigLocation(context.getResource("classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"));
        factoryBean.setAnnotatedClasses(User.class);
        return factoryBean;
    }
 
    @Bean
    public HibernateTransactionManager getTransactionManager() {
        HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setSessionFactory(getSessionFactory().getObject());
        return transactionManager;
    }
}
  • LocalSessionFactoryBean 创建一个Hibernate SessionFactory. 这是在Spring应用程序上下文中设置共享Hibernate SessionFactory的常用方法。
  • EnableTransactionManagement 支持Spring的注解驱动事务管理功能。
  • HibernateTransactionManager 将Hibernate Session从指定的工厂绑定到线程,可能允许每个工厂有一个线程绑定的Session。 此事务管理器适用于使用单个Hibernate
  • SessionFactory 进行事务性数据访问的应用程序,但也支持事务内的直接DataSource 访问,即普通JDBC。
hibernate.cfg.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.archive.autodetection">class,hbm</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password"></property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:mem:howtodoinjava</property>
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
         
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">1800</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">150</property>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

八.Spring Controller and Path Mappings

控制器类有两个简单的GET和POST操作映射。 如果输入字段未被验证,则返回相同的表单bean以显示错误消息。 否则返回刷新视图。

import java.util.Locale;
import javax.validation.alid;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
 
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.spring.model.User;
import com.howtodoinjava.demo.spring.service.UserService;
 
@Controller
public class UserController {
 
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
 
    @GetMapping("/")
    public String userForm(Locale locale, Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("users", userService.list());
        return "editUsers";
    }
     
    @ModelAttribute("user")
    public User formBackingObject() {
        return new User();
    }
 
    @PostMapping("/addUser")
    public String saveUser(@ModelAttribute("user") @Valid User user,
                            BindingResult result, Model model) {
 
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            model.addAttribute("users", userService.list());
            return "editUsers";
        }
 
        userService.save(user);
        return "redirect:/";
    }
}

九.Service and DAO 层

服务和DAO层是用@Service和@Repository注释标注的普通服务组件。 @交易注解应用于服务层以支持事务处理。

UserService and UserServiceImpl
 
public interface UserService {
   void save(User user);
 
   List<User> list();
}
 
@Service
public class UserServiceImp implements UserService {
 
   @Autowired
   private UserDao userDao;
 
   @Transactional
   public void save(User user) {
      userDao.save(user);
   }
 
   @Transactional(readOnly = true)
   public List<User> list() {
      return userDao.list();
   }
}
UserDao and UserDaoImp
 
public interface UserDao {
   void save(User user);
   List<User> list();
}
 
@Repository
public class UserDaoImp implements UserDao {
 
   @Autowired
   private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 
   @Override
   public void save(User user) {
      sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<User> list() {
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      TypedQuery<User> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from User");
      return query.getResultList();
   }
}
User
 
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
 
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
 
@Entity
@Table(name = "TBL_USERS")
public class User {
 
   @Id
   @GeneratedValue
   @Column(name = "USER_ID")
   private Long id;
 
   @Column(name = "USER_NAME")
   @Size(max = 20, min = 3, message = "{user.name.invalid}")
   @NotEmpty(message="Please Enter your name")
   private String name;
 
   @Column(name = "USER_EMAIL", unique = true)
   @Email(message = "{user.email.invalid}")
   @NotEmpty(message="Please Enter your email")
   private String email;
 
   public Long getId() {
      return id;
   }
 
   public void setId(Long id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
 
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
 
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
 
   public String getEmail() {
      return email;
   }
 
   public void setEmail(String email) {
      this.email = email;
   }
}

十.页面和消息

最后,使用JSP文件和消息资源包

editUsers.jsp
 
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
        <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
        <title>Spring5 MVC Hibernate Demo</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            .error {
                color: red;
            }
            table {
                width: 50%;
                border-collapse: collapse;
                border-spacing: 0px;
            }
            table td {
                border: 1px solid #565454;
                padding: 20px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Input Form</h1>
        <form:form action="addUser" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td>Name</td>
                    <td>
                        <form:input path="name" /> <br />
                        <form:errors path="name" cssClass="error" />
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Email</td>
                    <td>
                        <form:input path="email" /> <br />
                        <form:errors path="email" cssClass="error" />
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2"><button type="submit">Submit</button></td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </form:form>
         
        <h2>Users List</h2>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td><strong>Name</strong></td>
                <td><strong>Email</strong></td>
            </tr>
            <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
                <tr>
                    <td>${user.name}</td>
                    <td>${user.email}</td>
                </tr>
            </c:forEach>
        </table>
    </body>
</html>
messages.properties
 
user.name.invalid = Name must be between {2} and {1} characters.
user.email.invalid = Please enter valid email address.

十一.演示这个栗子

让我们使用maven tomcat7插件运行应用程序。 执行maven target:tomcat7:run。
访问URL: http://localhost:8080
Initial Screen
Initial Screen
无效的输入验证
无效的输入验证
有效的表格提交
有效的表格提交
检查服务器日志:
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: insert into TBL_USERS (USER_EMAIL, USER_NAME, USER_ID) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: select user0_.USER_ID as USER_ID1_0_, user0_.USER_EMAIL as USER_EMA2_0_,
            user0_.USER_NAME as USER_NAM3_0_ from TBL_USERS user0_
Sourcecode Download
https://www.leftso.com/article/309.html

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